• Self-Insured Employers:  Employers, Third Party Administrators (TPAs) and Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) often do not consider looking into medication utilization at the individual level of the employees and their dependents. By offering PGx as a benefit within the plan design you will achieve the outcomes. Additionally, many Human Resource metrics will be positively affected such as: shortened return to work windows, turnover, recruitment, retention, workers compensation and morale.
• Long Term Care in both the institutional and home-based models: It is a fact that many of our seniors are involved in very complex poly-pharmacy situations. This creates the risk of non-metabolizing, contraindication, and toxicity.  The effect of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are well documented in our senior population. PGx will help to mitigate this inherent risk driving better health, improving longevity, and saving costs for systems.
• Children’s Behavioral Health: Infants, toddlers and older children that present with behavioral health challenges too often experience medications as the appropriate intervention to target behaviors. Based on the design and function of the Primary Care Pediatrician model, in the moment medication is often seen as the best solution. When the child’s journey ultimately reaches an accurate diagnosis and evidenced based treatment interventions, the child is often on multiple medications that negatively affect the health of the child and the value of the therapy. PGx will lessen the time for correct diagnosis.
• Pain Management: When an individual is recovering from an illness, injury, or surgery they are often prescribed an ineffective pain medication or are over prescribed medication. PGx will target the effective medication and suggested dosing size. This will ensure pain mitigation, accelerate the time to functionality, and lower the risk of addiction.  For surgical events, PGx as a pre-operative step would be a clinically wise step.
• PGx:  Provides the potential to benefit a wide range of sectors and industries due to its ability to personalize medication choices and improve treatment outcomes. 
• Healthcare and Clinical Practice: The healthcare sector is one of the primary beneficiaries of PGx. Physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals can use genetic information to make more informed decisions about drug selection, dosing, and treatment plans, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and reduced adverse effects.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: PGx can help pharmaceutical companies develop more targeted and effective drugs. By understanding how genetics influence drug responses, pharmaceutical companies can design medications that are more tailored to specific patient populations, increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes.
• Research and Academia: PGx provides researchers with valuable insights into the mechanisms of drug responses and the genetic underpinnings of diseases. This knowledge can lead to the discovery of new drug targets, the development of innovative therapies, and a deeper understanding of disease pathways.
• Clinical Trials: Integrating PGx into clinical trials can enhance their design and outcomes. Genetic information can be used to identify patient subgroups that are more likely to respond positively to a particular treatment, leading to more efficient and targeted clinical trials.
• Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety: PGx can help identify individuals at higher risk of adverse drug reactions, allowing for better monitoring and early intervention. This is especially valuable for medications with known genetic interactions that might not be apparent through traditional methods.
• Health IT and Informatics: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) can be enhanced with genetic information to provide a comprehensive view of a patient’s medical history and genetic profile. This integration can assist healthcare providers in making more informed decisions.
• Insurance and Payers: Insurance companies and health payers could benefit from PGx by potentially reducing costs associated with adverse reactions, hospitalizations, and ineffective treatments. Personalized treatments could lead to better outcomes, which can be more cost-effective long term.
• Telemedicine and Remote Health: PGx can play a role in remote healthcare settings by providing genetic insights that help remote providers make accurate treatment recommendations without physical access to the patient.
• Pharmacists and Pharmacy Services: Pharmacists can use PGx information to provide more personalized medication counseling and advice to patients. This can improve medication adherence and minimize drug interactions.
• Veterinary Medicine: PGx can be applied to veterinary medicine as well, helping veterinarians tailor medication choices and dosages to individual animals’ genetic profiles.
• Consumer Genetic Testing: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies can include PGx information in their offerings, providing individuals with insights into how their genetics might influence their responses to various medications.
• Regulatory Agencies: Regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can use PGx data to inform drug approvals and labeling, ensuring that medications are prescribed and used more safely and effectively. 

As PGx continues to advance and its applications become more established, these sectors and others are likely to incorporate genetic information into their practices, leading to more personalized and effective approaches to healthcare and treatment.